"? "'= the effective stress friction angle, or the'angle of internal friction'after Coulomb friction.
2.
This creates lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction ( phi ) and the cohesive strength ( c ) of the retained material, as well as the direction and magnitude of movement the retaining structure undergoes.
3.
The soil nailing technique applied to temporarily and / or permanently stabilise natural slopes and artificial scarpsis based on a fundamental principle in construction engineering : mobilizing the intrinsic mechanical characteristics of the ground, such as cohesion and the angle of internal friction, so that the ground actively collaborates with the stabilisation work.
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